Cov pa roj carbon fiber, lub npe hu ua huab tais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, yog lub ci ci hlaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv.Carbon fiber (CF) yog ib hom inorganic fiber ntau nrog ntau tshaj 90% cov ntsiab lus carbon.Organic fibers (viscose raws, suab raws, polyacrylonitrile raws li fibers, thiab lwm yam) yog pyrolyzed thiab carbonized ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim carbon qaum.
Raws li lub cim tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog, cov pa roj carbon fiber muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv carbon, tab sis kuj muaj cov softness thiab processability ntawm textile fiber.Yog li ntawd, nws yog dav siv hauv aerospace, khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev thauj mus los, kev ua si thiab kev lom zem
Lub teeb yuag: raws li cov khoom siv tshiab nrog kev ua tau zoo, qhov ceev ntawm carbon fiber yuav luag tib yam li cov magnesium thiab beryllium, tsawg dua 1/4 ntawm cov hlau.Kev siv cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau ua cov khoom siv tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv los ntawm 30% - 40%.
Lub zog siab thiab siab modulus: lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm carbon fiber yog 5 npaug siab dua li ntawm cov hlau thiab 4 npaug siab dua li ntawm aluminium alloy;Qhov tshwj xeeb modulus yog 1.3-12.3 npaug ntawm lwm yam khoom siv.
Me me expansion coefficient: thermal expansion coefficient ntawm feem ntau carbon fibers yog qhov tsis zoo nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, 0 ntawm 200-400 ℃, thiab tsuas yog 1.5 ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, tsis yooj yim rau nthuav thiab deform vim ua hauj lwm siab. kub.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion zoo: carbon fiber muaj cov ntsiab lus ntshiab carbon, thiab carbon yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj ruaj khov tshaj plaws, ua rau nws qhov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv cov kua qaub thiab alkali ib puag ncig, uas tuaj yeem ua rau txhua yam khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion.
Muaj zog qaug zog tsis kam: cov qauv ntawm carbon fiber yog ruaj khov.Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm lub network polymer, tom qab ntau lab lub voj voog ntawm kev ntxhov siab qaug zog, lub zog tuav tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tseem yog 60%, thaum cov hlau yog 40%, txhuas yog 30%, thiab iav fiber reinforced yas tsuas yog 20. % - 25%.
Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog qhov rov ua kom muaj zog ntawm carbon fiber.Txawm hais tias carbon fiber tuaj yeem siv ib leeg thiab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, nws yog cov khoom siv nkig tom qab tag nrho.Tsuas yog thaum nws ua ke nrog cov khoom siv matrix los ua cov carbon fiber ntau tuaj yeem muab kev ua si zoo dua rau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab nqa ntau dua.
Cov pa roj carbon fibers tuaj yeem raug cais raws li qhov sib txawv xws li hom precursor, kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm
Raws li hom precursor: polyacrylonitrile (Yias) raws, suab raws (isotropic, mesophase);Viscose puag (cellulose puag, rayon puag).Ntawm lawv, polyacrylonitrile (Yias) raws li cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tso nyiaj ntau dua 90% ntawm tag nrho cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, thaum viscose raws li carbon fiber nyiaj tsawg dua 1%.
Raws li kev tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem: carbon fiber (800-1600 ℃), graphite fiber (2000-3000 ℃), activated carbon fiber, vapor zus carbon fiber.
Raws li cov khoom siv kho tshuab, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom dav dav thiab kev ua haujlwm siab: lub zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog li 1000MPa, thiab cov modulus yog li 100Gpa;Hom kev ua haujlwm siab tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom muaj zog siab (lub zog 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) thiab cov qauv siab (modulus 300gpa lossis ntau dua), ntawm cov uas lub zog siab dua 4000mpa kuj hu ua ultra-siab zog hom, thiab cov modulus siab dua 450gpa yog hu ua ultra-high model.
Raws li qhov loj ntawm tus cab, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov cab me me thiab cov cab loj: me me cab cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog 1K, 3K thiab 6K ntawm thawj theem, thiab maj mam tsim mus rau 12K thiab 24K, uas yog siv dav hauv aerospace, kev ua si. thiab leisure teb.Cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tshaj 48K feem ntau yog hu ua cov cab loj loj, suav nrog 48K, 60K, 80K, thiab lwm yam, uas yog siv hauv kev lag luam.
Tensile zog thiab tensile modulus yog ob lub ntsiab indexes los ntsuas cov khoom ntawm carbon fiber.Raws li qhov no, Tuam Tshoj tshaj tawm lub teb chaws tus qauv rau PAN raws li carbon fiber (GB / t26752-2011) nyob rau hauv 2011. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, vim Toray lub meej coj kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no carbon fiber kev lag luam, feem ntau domestic manufacturers kuj txais Toray cov kev faib cov qauv. raws li kev siv.
1.2 siab barriers nqa siab ntxiv tus nqi.Kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab kev paub txog kev tsim khoom loj tuaj yeem txo tus nqi thiab nce kev ua haujlwm zoo
1.2.1 cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam yog siab, cov khoom ua ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab carbonization thiab oxidation yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau yog qhov nyuaj, uas yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab thiab thev naus laus zis.Kev tswj xyuas qhov tseeb, qhov kub thiab lub sijhawm ntawm txhua qhov txuas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg.Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau tam sim no vim nws cov txheej txheem kev npaj yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab yooj yim pov tseg ntawm peb cov khoom pov tseg.Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb propane tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov roj av, thiab PAN carbon fiber kev lag luam saw muaj cov txheej txheem tsim ua tiav los ntawm thawj lub zog mus rau daim ntawv thov davhlau ya nyob twg.
Tom qab propane tau npaj los ntawm cov roj crude, propylene tau txais los ntawm kev xaiv catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) ntawm propane;
Acrylonitrile tau txais los ntawm ammoxidation ntawm propylene.Polyacrylonitrile (Yias) precursor tau los ntawm polymerization thiab spinning ntawm acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile yog ua ntej oxidized, carbonized ntawm qis thiab kub kom tau cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau carbon fiber ntau thiab carbon fiber prepreg rau kev tsim cov carbon fiber composites;
Cov pa roj carbon fiber yog ua ke nrog cov cob, ceramics thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv los tsim cov carbon fiber ntau.Thaum kawg, cov khoom kawg rau kev siv downstream yog tau los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem molding;
Qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo theem ntawm precursor ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm carbon fiber.Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm spinning tov thiab optimizing cov yam tseem ceeb ntawm precursor forming ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj high-zoo carbon fiber.
Raws li "Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm polyacrylonitrile raws li carbon fiber precursor", cov txheej txheem spinning feem ntau suav nrog peb pawg: ntub spinning, qhuav spinning thiab qhuav ntub spinning.Tam sim no, ntub spinning thiab qhuav ntub spinning yog tsuas yog siv los tsim polyacrylonitrile precursor nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, cov uas ntub spinning yog feem ntau dav siv.
Kev ntub dej ua ntej extrudes cov tshuaj spinning los ntawm lub qhov spinneret, thiab cov tshuaj spinning nkag mus rau hauv coagulation da dej hauv daim ntawv me me.Lub tshuab spinning ntawm polyacrylonitrile spinning tov yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov concentration ntawm DMSO hauv cov tshuaj spinning thiab coagulation da dej, thiab tseem muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov dej hauv coagulation da dej thiab cov tshuaj polyacrylonitrile.Raws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv saum toj no, cov kua pib diffuse nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia, thiab thaum kawg condenses rau hauv filaments los ntawm huab hwm coj hloov mus, hloov tshav kub, theem equilibrium zog thiab lwm yam txheej txheem.
Hauv kev tsim cov khoom ua ntej, cov seem seem ntawm DMSO, fiber ntau, lub zog monofilament, modulus, elongation, roj cov ntsiab lus thiab cov dej kub npau npau ua qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm precursor.Noj cov nyiaj seem ntawm DMSO ua piv txwv, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom ua ntej, ntu ntu ntawm lub xeev thiab CV tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv carbon fiber zaum kawg.Qhov qis dua qhov seem ntawm DMSO, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom ntau dua.Hauv kev tsim khoom, DMSO feem ntau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ntxuav, yog li yuav ua li cas tswj qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm cov dej desalted thiab tus nqi ntawm kev ntxuav lub voj voog ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb.
High quality polyacrylonitrile precursor yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv nram qab no: siab ceev, siab crystallinity, tsim nyog lub zog, ncig hla ntu, tsawg lub cev tsis xws luag, du nto thiab uniform thiab ntom ntawm daim tawv nqaij core qauv.
Kev tswj kub ntawm carbonization thiab oxidation yog qhov tseem ceeb.Carbonization thiab oxidation yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov carbon fiber zaum kawg khoom los ntawm precursor.Hauv cov kauj ruam no, qhov tseeb thiab qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum raug tswj kom raug, txwv tsis pub, lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau yuav cuam tshuam loj heev, thiab txawm tias ua rau cov hlau tawg.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem preoxidation, PAN precursor yog maj mam thiab me ntsis oxidized los ntawm kev siv ib tug tej yam nro nyob rau hauv lub oxidizing cua, tsim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub nplhaib nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub lauj kaub ncaj saw, thiaj li. ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias.
Carbonization (qhov kub siab tshaj plaws tsis qis dua 1000 ℃): cov txheej txheem carbonization yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv inert cua.Thaum ntxov ntawm carbonization, lub lauj kaub saw tawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv crosslinking pib;Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermal decomposition pib tso tawm ntau cov roj molecule me me, thiab cov qauv graphite pib tsim;Thaum qhov kub thiab txias tau nce ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus carbon tau nce sai thiab cov pa roj carbon fiber pib tsim.
Graphitization (kev kho kub siab tshaj 2000 ℃): graphitization tsis yog txheej txheem tsim nyog rau cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau, tab sis yog txheej txheem xaiv.Yog hais tias siab elastic modulus ntawm carbon fiber yuav tsum, graphitization yuav tsum tau;Yog tias xav tau siab zog ntawm carbon fiber, graphitization tsis tsim nyog.Hauv cov txheej txheem graphitization, qhov kub thiab txias ua rau cov fiber ntau tsim cov qauv graphite mesh, thiab cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev kos duab kom tau txais cov khoom kawg.
High technical barriers endows downstream cov khoom nrog siab ntxiv tus nqi, thiab tus nqi ntawm aviation composites yog 200 lub sij hawm siab tshaj li ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv.Vim muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau npaj thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, cov khoom lag luam qis dua, qhov ntau dua tus nqi ntxiv.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov high-end carbon fiber composites siv nyob rau hauv lub aerospace teb, vim hais tias cov downstream cov neeg muas zaub muaj nruj heev cov kev cai ntawm nws cov kev cia siab thiab stability, cov khoom nqi kuj qhia ib tug geometric ntau txoj kev loj hlob piv nrog cov zoo tib yam carbon fiber.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-22-2021